Footballers At Shower

GENDER VIOLENCE: body image. Christmas Toys

SEMlac. - Violence against women is exercised not only in the physical, psychological, economic, legal, political and labor. The mass media, film, advertising and video clip are also spaces for the perpetuation of gender violence.

Así lo expresaron especialistas, realizadoras, líderes indígenas latinoamericanas y estudiantes durante los debates del taller Imágenes Generan Reflexión. Acerca de la Violencia de Género y su Representación Audiovisual, convocado por la Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión (EICTV) de San Antonio de los Baños, en La Habana, en el contexto de la Jornada por la No Violencia contra las Mujeres.

"El tratamiento que hoy tipifica a los grandes medios de comunicación masiva y su expresión en las industrias culturales es profundamente sexista y, por tanto, es violencia symbolic to women, "said Cuban journalist Isabel Moya Richard, Editorial Director of Women of the Federation of Cuban Women.

The also president of the Chair of Gender and Communication of the International Institute of Journalism José Martí spoke the role of the media as one of the most important socializing in the contemporary, which provides references to people and has come to replace, in some societies, the role of the family and the church.

The concept of symbolic violence was established by the French theorist Pierre Bourdieu as the articulation of mechanisms, images and practices that attempt to impose a world view that seeks legitimate.

"I think leaving central clarified that all social relations is structured on a symbolic level and every order is established as symbolic speech," Moya said, explaining how, in the XXI century, will continue playing roles and imaginary nineteenth century.

With new clothes, and aesthetic touches of contemporary halo perpetuates male power, while selling an image that induce women to build an identity based on their representation as objects and victims, promoting civic inertia and dismantling .

advertising and video clip are key speeches today, say experts. Sons of the globalized capitalist societies, both sell the image of women as mere objects of desire and trade.

The female body is fragmented and objectified so that it loses its essence as a human being, relegate the existence of women to the field of biology, says Gordillo Lirians journalist in their investigation "Gender representation in the current Cuban video clip" , which in 2008 analyzed more than 25 such products made in Cuba.

Gordon describes in these spaces of communication, build an image of a woman eternally young, thin, white and symmetrical facial features, with implications concerning everyday life and especially on the health of women. Specialists

draw attention to the alarming proliferation of so-called "diseases of beauty", such as anorexia and bulimia, as well as the increase in cosmetic surgery in adolescents and young adults.

However, the symbolic violence has different meanings for women in various regions and cultures. In addition to denying the diversity and the limits of the body, much more violent and discriminatory to black, Asian and Latin American indigenous, who are not consistent with their cultural references in the transnational media.

For Evelin Acosta, coordinator of the Association Wayuu-Sütüin Jieyu Wayuu gender violence is also related to the indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources.

Association Wayuu-Sütüin Jieyu Wayuu is an organization aimed at protecting and demanding the rights of indigenous peoples in Colombia and especially the Wayuu.

"If they destroy and abused Mother Earth, also violate every one of their sons and daughters, you break the spiritual contact we have with her, causing the loss and extinction of each people and culture, "said Acosta.

According to Moya, a study of the connections between the theory of gender and communication, "cultural identity is counted, so the media have to be today a space from communication studies, incorporate in their theoretical framework all the contributions of feminism and gender theory. "

The journalist insists that the analysis of sexism in the media can not be confined to sexism in language." While this dimension is very important, we must come to analyze its structural causes, "he said.

Among the structural constraints are professional ideologies, market forces, the cultural and media policies that consistently reproduce the patriarchal system.

In her article "Gender, feminism and patriarchy, feminist and researcher Alda Facio of Costa Rica mentioned, the institutions of patriarchal societies, ginope language (where language in a culture does not record the existence of a female subject), family patriarchal, male-centered education, forced motherhood, the history stolen, compulsory heterosexuality, misogynistic religions, work gendered, masculinist law, science monosexual and violence, among others.

Published by Genre with Class

Hat Is The Shelf Life Of Ensure

sexist ...

This article is 2008, but is as valid as that in the review done. Is a contribution to a little reflection.

In a charming ad Barcelona Christmas Cash Store German, dated 1935, children are drawn to interact with different toys. They wield swords, drive cars and build mechanisms. One, dressed as Indians, mounted on the back of his father, which makes a horse. As girls, many carrying dolls in their arms, one pushing a baby stroller and other cooking chestnuts. There's even one serving a cocktail of a child dressed as a hunter. Well, the (bad) news is that the current picture is not very distinto.Los toy manufacturers and their advertising agencies are committed to using the gender difference as a marketing tool at all costs such that if time had stopped for them in 1935.

The latest to warn of the situation has been the English Confederation of Housewives, Consumers and Users (CEACCU): "On Gender, persists in the narrative promotional campaigns sexist although preferably character is mixed toy advertising as a whole plays a sexist discourse. "

A English boy sees an average of 49 ads a day (this figure increases dramatically in the period around Christmas, with sessions followed more than 20 ads in each break between programs.) According Norminanda Vilar Montoya, a professor at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, \u200b\u200band author of the research The role of voice in the broadcast advertising aimed at children, the hype is especially critical in the stage goes from four to seven years, when personality is not defined and is more influenced. According to studies by the specialist in child psychology Kenneth O 'Bryan, the ads become an effective teaching tool for recording any relatively simple idea in the minds of children. And in that world of ideas and attitudes are integrated values. Thus, toy advertising exerts a powerful influence on the description the child becomes of sex and opposite.

The language is less powerful vehicle for these prejuicios.El of ads for girls is eminently cheesy, with superabundance of diminutives (pastries, house, puppy, piggy ...) and expressions of affection (I love you so I needed my love ...), while those for males are the dominant features augmentative (non-stop action, the more risky positions ...) and the use of expressions related to competitiveness (you have the power , destroy your opponent up ...). Moreover, while in the first predominantly female voices soft in the latter are the male authoritative tone (type Constantino Romero). "The male voice", says Montoya Vilar, "represents the authority and the strengthening of the authority, reflected in an adult voice is very important for children to decide when."

representations of the adult world of each gender nor left maimed as a sexist approach refiere.Mientras Action Man (the greatest hero of all time) fighting in the streets against Dr. X, Barbie lava prepares your puppy or "cakes and jelly" in their kitchen magic. A bipolar world whose ends are apparently irreconcilable (though today, ousted Ken, Action Man is set as the best option for Barbie) which limits, for them, they stay within the walls of the home, and for them ... unattainable, because the universe of male leisure is a true microcosm where there are many fantastic worlds (Bionicle, Alien Attack, Castle Crayskull ...).

When the wrist is not in the kitchen, appears become a sex object. Thus, the Bratz, with painted lips and eyes "as bold as you", promise their buyers shine "on the track and at night." That's right: as a good object, the child-woman in her ancestral remains passive. As shown, a button. Hasbro invites Hotline to play well, "Find out who's going to ask out, guess who the mysterious guy, the festival fun." In addition, a characteristic pattern affects female communication, that of concealment: "Tell your secrets to your friends."

is not taking a fundamentalist position, falsely progress and force children to play with Barbie Mermaids and girls Hulk (unless you want to). In fact, the problem is not so much the toys themselves, as in the way that advertising targeted promotions designed to use only one of both genders. The child marketing is a highly developed discipline (companies such as Ericsson have specific departments for research of new products aimed exclusively at kids) that sometimes borders on the Machiavellian. The toy industry is committed to gender differentiation and because its target (target) is much more defined, thus avoiding the risk of diluting the message. We must not forget that advertising does not transform reality, but it echoes. According to Raul Peralba, president of the marketing company Positiong System, "the toy industry is facing a dilemma: those who buy the toys are not children but their parents and what they want is that their children with adult attitudes, which they consider acceptable. Only a risky business, able to overcome prejudices and stereotypes, could overcome this obstacle. How? Social responsibility and thinking first of the child, what he enjoys (and not, as is done now, in the trade margin and convince the father). "Fortunately, the society moves and some manufacturers are aware of it. As Scalextric (Tecni Toys), in which new ad displayed a boy and a girl playing with the same attitudes. Why this commitment? The experience of Peralba responds: "I have four daughters and they all played with cars for the simple reason that to me I really like and that is transmitted. "

Tecni Toys

And if it has, why do not MB (Action Man) and Mattel (Barbie)? It's simple: those who buy the toys, adults would not be very according to size costumbres.La liberalization of half of the parents, according to polls, believe that there are toys and toys child own own child.

Source: http://www.elmundo.es/cronica/2003/424/1070273711.html

Custum Green Egg Table

cultural industry: a guillotine to the true role of women

By: Victoria Arguello / Genre With Class

way of preamble

To build socialism is required to undertake an important task: a glimpse of each of the problems, weaknesses and needs of the exploited masses, and find their roots in the latent structural problems in capitalist society, once made and understood, guidance is given to the revolutionary struggle coupled with the constant desire to change people's own victory can be routed to the final release.

Historically the struggle for the emancipation of women has been the purpose of paying off one of the many gaps and needs experienced by the people, which may manifest in homes, workplaces, media communication, and generally in all aspects of social life, and that has to do with the pervasive discrimination, violence, domination and oppression synthesis towards women. For this reason it could be argued that the struggle of gender is so necessary and urgent as it is also urgent to build a society that once and for all eradicate the excesses of capitalism.

From the beginning the company have plunged women to various forms of domination, some more concrete and visible and others less tangible, and although society has progressed, these forms of domination is not have deleted, only have innovated and replaced by other, for this reason to believe that sexism and oppression of women in this period have passed, it would be lulled into a false interpretation of reality. Among the most visible forms of domination and concrete can be abuse or domestic violence, the deplorable working conditions offered to women, the exclusion in the policy making and economic, social marginalization, among many others, however there a form of oppression that detailed work on a political monster called "cultural industries" as dangerous as being part of the need for the class leader (the bourgeoisie) to legitimize and become a cultural and behavioral patterns of female enslavement.

cultural industry in this area's main objective is to condition the role of women in society, and create mechanisms (media) to allow it to be convinced that is that his real role, there that this conditioning of women will inevitably pass a psychological disposition and finally a social behavior is then how far the media represent social problems and within the women's problems, they become instruments created to promote the idea of \u200b\u200bwomen subservient, subordinate to men, whose only immutable point in life is the maintenance of the home and children.

Given this role of the media, could afford not denominárseles "communication" but diffusion or projection, as they engaged in a long-running propaganda strategy that promotes false ideas about women as weakness or inferiority of Man, do nothing but design and disseminate a stereotype of women related to their reduction to sexual and reproductive function.
Advertising is one of the weapons that shoot more for the dignity of women, advertising agencies worldwide use and exploit the image of that figure and to attract consumers and subsequently increase sales in some products, while it is directly connected to the reinforcement of a stereotype of beauty created by the same industry culture that places women as objects or as part of the product to buy. Currently

advertising introduces an image of women undervalued and with a single mission: to seduce. The message we try to convey a lot of ads is as follows: sex as a reward for the purchase of a product.

also ... "the commercials are portraying women as sex objects decorative prize for the male or as a secondary character. The voice that offers security, success and great achievements is always a male voice. Even the sport, as overvalued at present, more male idols shown to promote a product that a woman athlete, having reached this similar achievements. Interested in placing women as housewives and perfect mother. Children, according to advertising, only mothers. They are coming over to the pharmacy to buy baby food, rely on a particular brand of diapers and know that milk is suitable for children. Men should not feel responsible to these tasks, habits and concerns are others are more related to the adventure, power, freedom, etc. relating to consumer products like cars, sporting goods, clothing of certain brands, alcoholic drinks, ... "(Natalia Gonzalez Zaragoza)

sexist advertising has a double purpose then, is capable of reaching both to men and women, into believing the former is a subject with the potential to make assessments on women to finally "wanting it", if it meets certain standards of beauty, and the second as the object being evaluated does everything possible to resemble the stereotype of the perfect woman ultimately be "wanted" man, parallel to this sexist advertising till a concept of success lies in being beautiful or having a beautiful woman, "which could well be called the cult of beauty.

As is common in capitalist society hide the root of social problems and make up the vast realities, the consequences of sexist advertising has caused, such as low self-esteem of women and their incurrence to eating disorders and psychological as well as submission to dangerous surgery to achieve "the desired body, have been attributed to surface issues that do not touch the substance. Capitalism has undertaken to talk about female vanity when in reality seeks to identify the real problem, which is undoubtedly the commodification of women's image and beyond that the perpetuation of this society for being at the mercy of capital can to destroy and kill the individual.

Seeing women as sex objects contributes to the legitimacy of a culture and a society that subordinates the same, not only in relation to gender, but in relation to social life in general, for this reason it is important that within approach of the counterculture of the new media tools are considered in determining social change towards the advancement of non-discrimination and a life free of violence for women.

Within the Bolivarian revolution has set out to create alternative communication models that allow the ideas to counter hegemony of capital and the empowerment to the media by the people, for it to be able to create, transmit and represent their reality according to their daily struggle that is the construction of popular power; Given this huge opportunity for the revolutionaries, it is necessary to undertake a discussion to understand how gender mainstreaming these new communication patterns; For this reason it is worthwhile to start develop a communication model in which the woman is seen and reflected as a subject of action and transformation, and never as an object.

is common to hear in the streets, and above all traditional schools of social communication, slogans such as "Who has the information, has the power", the revolutionary people guided by great feelings of love and change is understood that power, (the people in this case) is achieved only by being part of the event and being the creator of the information, it means then that as agents of transformation must begin to eradicate all over in all areas of struggle, domination and female oppression through discussion, participation and concrete action.

Source: http://generoconclase.blogspot.com

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Who's Afraid of AIDS?

Written by: Julia Rojas Vásquez

In this campaign the government has once again confused, ignorant and aggressive media violence symbolic.

The campaign-this time-from the Ministry of Health, attacks against women by establishing a relation between the fact that AIDS is a disease that manifests itself physically with a woman ready for seduction. It also insults people living with HIV, saying it's funny or die of old-and not AIDS, the relationship back on AIDS - deaths, surpassed in recent seasons, thanks to civil society advocacy. Neither

tested for HIV, or the fear of death, even to promote condom use, and lightly, ensure behavior change necessary to manage the risk of acquiring HIV and prevention mechanisms operate. The condom should be used for all penetrative sex and use must be sustained over time, just so the condom does its job. Why the campaign is a serious setback in the fight against AIDS in Chile, violently erasing everything done by civil society to influence policy prevention.

know that the critical element of the epidemic in Chile determined by the absence of sex education, lack of public policy to consider the inherent pleasures displeasures, errors and connected to the sexual pleasures. We also know that the field of sexuality is complex. There remains a symbolic violence, which states that women who require condoms are whores, homosexuals no longer used, that young people fail or purchase.

If we could access the reality of HIV / AIDS, not caricatures, or prejudice, we would know of broken condoms, anal intercourse for fear of social rejection of early pregnancy, abortions illegal, the fear of a young gay man to tell your partner to use condoms, inequalities in the power of choice, various sexual practices, in pairs, in groups, in crowds, where the risk of HIV does not loom as a problem but until you have a positive outcome.

Also, we would know that most women living with HIV today, met all expectations that the mandate required them hetero, married, had only one sexual partner and were generally faithful to that reported. Would know that many of them were sterilized without their consent, because of the ignorance of health workers should protect, not punish. Would know This campaign of insults, because even though they did all that was expected of them, living with HIV and today they are displayed as objects of seduction, for which another should be protected.

AIDS does not stop with an aggressive and repressive that reflects the perverse relationship between state, ignorance and double rigid religious and moral powers that be. How many violent and erratic campaign will have to endure before we are treated as citizens with decision? and not as children under the fear of acquiring an evil threatening Who's Afraid of AIDS? What do you fear this campaign?

know that AIDS is stopped with delivery of early and accurate information, with access to significant information for the creation of effective public policies. AIDS stops with anti-discrimination policies with secular sex education, promoting civil rights and without doubt, strengthen the work shared between civil society and state.

column written for the Centre for Gender and Equity
Source: http://www.nomasviolenciacontramujeres.cl

Design Blueprint For Salon

Day for non-violence against women

"Day for non-violence against women."
Wednesday, 01 December from 14.00 to 21.00, in the pastures of the Faculty of Social Sciences the UDEC.

Activities: Common Pot

14.00 hrs ... Music
Short

Information and Much More

Gender Film Series "Caramel"
19.00-21.00 hrs Room CS 101 Social Sciences Faculty of

Lebanese Prime feature, director and actress Nadine Labaki.
"Caramel" revolves around the lives of five Lebanese women who match into a beauty salon. Layale (Nadine Labaki) works in a beauty salon in Beirut along with Nisrine (Yasmine Al Masri) and Rima (Joanna Moukarzel). Each of them has a problem: Layale no future in a relationship with a married man, Nisrine is not a virgin and getting married in a society where we do not accept sex before marriage, Muslim society, Rima are attracted to women; Jamal (Gisèle Aouad) is a regular customer who wants to be an actress that age is concerned, Rose (Siham Haddad), a seamstress who has a shop near the lounge is an older woman who finds her first love after having devoted his life to caring for her older sister Lili (Aziza Semaan), which is unbalanced psychic. The film makes no reference to any political problem or the recent war situation in which Lebanon has been plunged, but ordinary people with common problems.



LXS hope.
agrupacion.g @ gmail.com

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PUBLIC STATEMENT OF CLUSTER G POINT FROM THE EDUCATIONAL REFORM OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RIGHT

PUBLIC STATEMENT OF CLUSTER G POINT FROM THE EDUCATIONAL REFORM OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RIGHT

With respect to educational policies provided by the government to start being implemented next year, declare:

1. As a group we believe that the reduction of hours teaching of history and social science affects the development and appropriation of the historical memory of men and women, especially women's history has always been told by men base, typical of SYSTEM Patriarchal capitalist domination. Where it is recalled that the Historical Memory is a battleground of class warfare, and that the official story is the story ideological of the bourgeoisie.

2. That new education policies are cultural problem not only concerns the discipline of history but rather to the whole area of \u200b\u200bSocial Sciences. It is a matter that, rather than declining job vacancy and therefore the salary of professional vegan, fully affects the educational quality training and vegan students. Reflecting increasingly more deficiencies in the education system and integrates the recipient. A cultural problem that not only must be streamlined within the university area but also to those who really are victims of future law enforcement: the hijxs workers and workers who only have access to public education run by the government and without access to quality education. Increasing privatization of this, therefore, FRAMING THE EDUCATION AS A PRIVILEGE of the rich.

3. Current educational reforms are merely hiding the real work of social science in the education of students and vegan building this as a social being. Who should be able to analyze with a critical reality they live inmersxs, and also achieve propose changes and responses of those that are truly from the bottom of a real consciousness of society. With the reforms of the current government does not work than a technical labor force is mobilized only to the country's production and profits mercantilist BANK STRENGTHENING THE EDUCATION . The fruits of education reforms to be implemented, the reduction in hours of the social sciences, are measures not just seek to streamline the readings of the students and the students, but that these achievements be part of the cheap labor of the State and Capital and reciprocate with its production and training of those who analyze and critique the space in which they operate. increasing and decreasing the competitive attitude of solidarity among them.

4. Not these policies we believe contribute to a participatory process, where the space for discussion is the everyday nature everyone be able to build and achieve be part of a joint project where horizontal, democracy direct, mutual support, solidarity, self-management and education to help release the struggle of the EDUCATION LAW AS SOCIAL .

5. As socio-political grouping genre affirm libertarian project making a joint proposal by the different stakeholders related to education, as teachers and formal organizations and groupings of sporadic and unemployed teachers, high school, akin to universitarixs social sciences (geography, humanities, sociology) and employee lending for education, for a frontal assault FREE EDUCATION FOR PEOPLE according to their interests and social reality.

GROUPING ITEM G

NOS UNE GENDER, CLASS WILL DIVIDE.

agrupación.g @ gmail.com

http://agrupacionpuntog.blogspot.com

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Dawn with long hair on women curved

Dawn with long hair on women curved

Gioconda Belli

Dawn with long hair on the curved women

How little a day, sisters, how little, for the world to collect flowers in front of our homes!

where we were born From the cradle to the grave where sleep

entire route of our lives hit

should pave flowers to celebrate (not as we do not Princess Diana seen and heard the flowery avenues of penalty-ridden London)

We want to see and smell the flowers.

want flowers that are not happy when we were born female instead of male flowers We

that we cut the clitoris

And we bandaged the foot

who do not want flowers sent us to school for us to look to our brothers and we helped in the kitchen

Flowers

who got into bed at night and we covered her mouth and raped her while she was asleep we want flowers

we paid less for the heavier work

Y ran when we realized that we were pregnant

want flowers that condemned us to death forcing us to give birth to risk our lives We

flowers that protects against bad pensamientoobligándonos the body-covering veil and

Del has been banned from going outside without a male escort

we want flowers that we burned for witches

And we locked in the Flores

crazy that it strikes, the

getting drunk is drunk

The payment unredeemed food

We

month flowers of intriguing and raise false

flowers which rages against his daughters, their mothers and daughters home

And poison in your heart to those of the same gender

So many flowers would be needed to dry the wet

swamps where the water our eyes is mud quicksand swallowing and spitting, of whom strenuous, one by one, we will emerge. Sunrise

with long hair on women curved. We

flowers today. How much we share.

's garden we were expelled.

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DAYS FOR NON-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

INVITED TO THE CONFERENCE FOR THE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

On Wednesday 24, CINEMA, "SOLO MIA" DE Javier Balaguer.

was love at first sight. At first, Angela fed a thousand ways to love Joaquin and when she became pregnant, both were happy. Then came the first criticism, the first cry and the first slap. Only need one bad day to Joaquin, for the first time, brutally beat her.








IN THE HALL OF THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, CS-101, A LAS 19:00 hrs.


THURSDAY 25 IN THE SAME SCHOOL WITH Info Doing any activity, MUSIC, POT COMMON SHORT FILM, PAINTING CANVAS, ETC. UP TO ATTEND THE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN. INVITES

ITEM G

GRUPACION

How To Clear Messages From A Nortel Telephone

SEMINAR VOLUNTARY TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY "FEL UDEC

SEMINAR "VOLUNTARY TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY, Strategies and Challenges"

Date: Wednesday, November 24, 2010
Time: 9:00 hrs to 12:30 hrs.
Place: Auditorium Entrance UBB
certified freed.


PROGRAM 9:00 to 9:30 Delivery Materials
registration 9:30 to 9:40 9:40 to 9:50 Welcome
Therapeutic Abortion Video
9:50 to 10:10 Jorge Cabrera, Gynecologist, Gynecology Hospital Regional Director and Director of Department of Gynecology and UDEC Obstretricia
10, 10 to 10.40: Representative Health Network in Latin America and the Caribbean (RMSLAC): Proposed replacement of therapeutic abortion.
10:40 to 11:10 Plenary: questions, reflections.

BREAK 11:10 to 11:30 11:30 to 11:50: Abortion Information Hotline Experience Segura (Angelica Valderrama, Santiago)
11:50 to 12:10: Experiences of abortion
12:10 to 12:30 : Plenary and Closing
The seminar comes as a space for reflection on reality
on policies related to reproductive rights and sexual
women in Chile and the contradictions and violations of human rights from them.

The practice abortion is extreme and "painful" in current conditions, with a state that prevents
free to decide autonomously on our bodies, sexuality
moralistic policies that have led to an increase in performing illegal abortions
maintaining one of the highest rates of
Latin America.

Another edge of the subject is
the criminalization of therapeutic abortion, existing in Chile until 1989, forcing women to carry pregnancies
threatening
their health and psyche.

We invite you to reflect, debate, regarding this reality ... to discuss challenges and strategies

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PUBLIC STATEMENT.

Given the current scenario of student Libertarian Students Front declares

1) understand that democratization and participation processes are constructed in everyday discussion and decision, collective and not imposed by statute, voting agreements or artificial, is the same as we understand that the congresoFeC has meant the ability to overcome some of reflux has been the student movement as we said, is reflected in more apathetic and individualistic students, today's students and low base politicized mostly turned to using their bodies as a basis for generating all proposals that are linked in a shared intention, establish a federated organic body capable of ensuring, promoting and developing student participation .

2) This social fragmentation is a product of what we believe the constant defeats dealt by the student movement the power bloc and its local representatives from the right to the reformism of "left" in the actual cries and kicks by lost privileges. During these last weeks, the actions of their representatives, anchored in the posts of the FEC have revealed their true interests, we consider a more acute assessment of the episodes on which such statement is made will give us a deeper insight of facts: first the withdrawal of runs and the subsequent attempt of "Funa" responds to a articulated political strategy based on the maintenance of privilege of these same representatives, whose explicit content des is the validation of a democratic process capable of bringing about half of the races (32) of the university in this city, this same interest plebiscite attempt statutes, under false notions of democracy anchored on the ballot as form of validation known political positions that parallel the discussion processes carried out by the participating races.

3) As validation mechanism is intended dressed in clothes and openly democratic opportunist, is used to play with the relationships in the CGE, straining the environment, denying words, taking advantage of loopholes that gives them power to manage CGE transit, leading to physical and verbal assaults that grants the regency of a fragile and weak power, as a desperate measure of a dog that does not want to lose the bone that every year the electoral system lets them manage.

4) In respect of the outcomes of this conference, we believe that largely reflect the work done in these long years of lethargy and local demonstrations, award the feelings of most participants in the conference race to political organizations is equal partners to conceive of processes that are like puppets, marionettes, stupid and feel unable to think for themselves, perhaps a reflection of the conception of politics of those parasites with the FEC today and who validate these forms of democracy that overlaps the alleged voting participation and discussion of students.

5) and call upon our university partners, the congressmen, who participated in their pre-congress and those who tried but failed, not decline to the machinations emanating from the traditional political parties and their puppets, because as we said in July this year and we reaffirm today " believe vital, use this time creating a joint base spaces that encourage action direct and collective participation about the basis for a proposal regarding student participation towards a new educational, class and libertarian , think of education as a social right , and which must necessarily consider for formulating and achieving a society as a whole generating lines of work beyond the university walls. "

6) We believe that today it has opened an interesting situation regarding potential both for social organizations to political organizations and committed university student representation with the construction of the student movement, about deepening democracy direct racing, building projects from participation and students, encouraging participation criticism at the grassroots level, more horizontal power and decision- decisions consciously and participatory cement building permit students with strong dedication and social commitment to conceive their role from the perspective of contribution to society in the process of liberation, just so students build real power.

2nd Birthday Idea Blogs

Men and Gender Violence Against Women

Prevention of violence that men exert h acia women requires a major cultural shift in which violence no longer accepted as an element of relationships.
Francisco Aguayo F. Director of EME - Masculinity and Gender Equity

Gender-based violence against women is a particular form of violence. Is that exercised by men against them by gender, because they are women, based on gender bias. Jealousy, control, expectations about the role of women, inability to negotiate, irr spit by the desire of women, among other , are some NAS the reasons and justifications to use violence.

In the Chilean case study IMAGES * an international investigation of masculinities, surveyed 1192 men in Santiago, Valparaiso and Concepcion. It was a household sample, representative of the population of Hombo res 18 to 59 years of these 3 cities.

We made specific questions about physical violence, for example if you a couple: 1. had beaten her with a fist or something that could hurt, 2. had been kicked, dragged along the ground, beaten up, choked or burned; 3. were used (against them) or threatened with using a firearm, knife or other weapon; 4. had slapped or thrown something that could hurt 5. had pushed.

are reviewing preliminary data that 21.1% of men 18 to 24 years reported ever having been any physical violence against a partner m usher. This percentage increased to 31.3% when we ask men 25 to 59 years.

The study IMAGES did the same questions to a sample of women (426 of Santiago), this time referring to physical gender violence ever received. The 25.8 % of women aged 18 to 24 reported having s ufrido ever physical violence of a male partner. At ages 25 to 59 years the percentage rose to 38.2%

The figures are extremely worrying. We see that domestic violence occurs early, is very serious in the segment 18-24 years, and even more freq ource at older ages. We also reported that women suffer more violence than men report. Men do declare the exercise of violence in a study of this type, although it would underreporting.

In IMAGES study also asked the men for exposure to violenc ia at home. We found that a 46.1% of men of the 3 major cities in Chile was once beaten or physically punished by their parents or adults in the household, 57% saw or heard that his mother was beaten by her husband / partner. ie, men during their biographies have been heavily exposed to domestic violence either as victims or as witnesses. Sabem you the exposure is a risk factor for the exercise of violence in the future.

violence outside the home is another very important area. Men are more exposed, as perpetrators and as victims - violence in the street. In this study 19.6% of respondents said being threatened with a weapon and 14.9% has been beaten in the last 3 months (outside the home).

Another point to consider is related to mental health of men. In the study IMAGES found that 30% of men reported being violent ever since fter drinking. 58.1% of men have felt stressed or depressed about not having enough income. 36.7% felt (often or sometimes) stressed and depressed by 18.4% in the last month. Preliminary analysis suggests that greater economic stress (not enough job or income) increased rie sgo from violence towards the couple.

As we see, gender-based violence is a complex phenomenon. Violence is related to other social relations that cross in our society and other social problems.

The prevention of violence against omen m looking for more strategies to address the related phenomena such as exposure to violence at home, suffering children, adolescents, men and women, the use of weapons , exposure to violence on the streets, drinking alcohol, mental health, men and women, the conditions good quality social ad of life and good treatment.

The prevention n of violence than men to exercise women requires a major cultural change. in which violence no longer accepted as an element of the relationship, is reported, and victims are pro tected . Social institutions are still slow and inefficient in protecting women victims of such violence. And men have not been sufficiently involved.

civil society has been the main driver in this field. Need for greater political will of the state to promote a cultural change that is proposed to end the violence and achieve gender relations between men and women truly equal. The silence that we have men deal with this social problem must end.



IMAGES * Study: The International Men and Gender Equality Survey. Chilean case.
CulturaSalud / EME. Geographically stratified sample, cluster and multistage. n = 1192 men, em 2.8%, Santiago, Valparaiso and Concepcion, 426 women; em 5%, Santiago. Country: July and August 2009.